Report detailing an analysis of Gary Tredwells Cash Flow Essays

Report detailing an analysis of Gary Tredwells Cash Flow Essays Report detailing an analysis of Gary Tredwells Cash Flow Essay Report detailing an analysis of Gary Tredwells Cash Flow Essay In this report, I will be breaking down your cash flow forecast in detail and will be making suggestions and pointing out problems and telling you how I would change them. A cash flow forecast is a statement that shows the expected movements of the cash in and out of a business. It is normally prepared on a 12 month basis but predictions will more than likely be done on a monthly basis. Cash Inflows: Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 16850 1900 2600 3000 3200 3600 3700 3900 4000 4100 4200 4500 Cash out flows: Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 16950 1610 3190 3470 3480 3630 3880 3785 3905 4045 3975 4155 This shows cash inflows from January to December compared with the outflows from January to December I will be using these figures to make recommendation for the issues that I have found. Cash inflows: Sales: Issue: At the start it looks like you have good sales. However you outflow started to become higher than your sales you can see this in six of the months on the statement. Your sales gradually increase towards august and is positive but not by a lot, only by à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½115, unfortunately you are still left with a negative closing balance. Credit Sales: Issue: Credit sales this is when a product is sold to a customer on credit, which means they receive the product before they have paid for it, normally the customer will start to pay it off a month after purchase. This method is used to gain more sales. In your business case selling on credit has gained your more sales as credit sales have increased each month the highest point increased to 1500. Credit sales are a bit of a gamble as you can never predict a late or missed payment. However it does increase the inflow on the cash flow statement. Something that you might consider doing is charging people interest if they are late to repay you this way people would be more inclined to pay you on time. Also it means that if you have to pay interest on a bank overdraft because you dont have the money up front because of a late payment it will then cover your costs. Recommendation: My recommendation would be to increase your prices as you have low sales, this might be essential to your survival and this is your main objective. Potentially you could increase your sales if you did some more advertising. By advertising your business more it will cost you quite a bit of money in the short term. However in the long time I think it will be beneficial. Capital Expenditure: Fixed assets: Issue: You have spent a lot of money on your fixed assets, as this is your first business it is essential that you buy equipment that is needed for you to succeed, as they will hopefully last you a long time. I have noticed that you have spent à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½400 on a trolley jack, there are also I few other that you have spent a lot of money on some of which I dont think were really necessary. This money could have been better spent in other areas of the business. Recommendation: Instead of buying all of your equipment and spending a lot of money in one go it might benefit you more if you had rented equipment like the trolley jack and just brought the essential equipment. This is more expensive in the long term but more beneficial in the short term. This will take half of the capital introduced to the business at the start of the month. This is because you will be paying small amounts each month for the equipment instead of a huge lump some at the beginning. Revenue Expenditure Overheads: Issue: General expenses consist of things like rent, gas, electricity, insurance and power. At the moment you are paying à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½200 a month for your rent this is a very good price and only à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½150 every three months for you light and power which is also very reasonable. Your material costs are at a reasonable price but your sales should be doubling the money you spent so this shows like I said early that you should put your prices up. As the prices are reasonable I am sure you shouldnt have to much difficulty keeping up with payments. However your telephone bill is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½200 a month which is the equivalent of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2400 a year you need to keep this bill as low as possible as it is costing you a lot. Recommendation: There are only a couple of things I can think of that will benefit you in this area the first would be to contact your supplier and see if you could start buying in bulk this would cost you more in the short term but would be less in the long term. The other suggestion I would make is to change to a contract mobile for the business look for one with unlimited calls this would cost around à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½50 a month, as you are spending on average à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½200 a month this would save you à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½150 a month which is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1800 a year. Personal Drawings: Issue: At the moment you are taking over à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1000 a month for your self, I am sure this is what you deserve for the work you do. It would benefit the business if you tried to cut this down if possible. Recommendation: Your business will consistently stay negative unless you cut down on the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1010 you earn a month. Net Cash Flow: Issue: The difference between the cash inflow and outflow of the business is called the net cash flow. Your expenditure is higher than it should be as a result of this your business was only positive once in the first seven months. Also you used up the capital introduced of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½16000 before the second month which is not good. Recommendation You need to reduce your expenditure in order to survive. From what I see you have a lot of expenses to sales. You could start up new methods of selling your product such as advertising, cold calling set up an internet site. Closing Balance Issue: Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 100 390 -200 -670 -280 -310 -490 -375 -280 -225 0 345 The figures above show your closing balance. Unfortunately for you the majority are negative. However towards the end of the year it is looking better which means if you can keep this going your business has a high chance of survival. You need to keep your closing balance positive because when applying for a bank loan the cash flow forecast for you business is one of the things that they will look at. Recommendation: In the first couple of months as you can see your business isnt doing to great but if you follow the recommendations I have suggested then hopefully your business will turn around like it has started to do in December. If the closing is consistently kept positive then applying for a loan will be essential for the business as it could be used to invest in to the business. However at the moment you would not be able to apply for a bank loan as the majority of months are negative.

Should You Really Be A Creative Writing Major

Should You Really Be A Creative Writing Major SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips So you’re thinking about majoring in creative writing! Completing an undergraduate creative writing program can be a great way to explore your love of fiction or poetry and hone your craft. As edifyingas a creative writing major can be, it may not be what you expect.Dedicated creative writing majors are also quite uncommon, so if you're committed to getting your degree in that subject, you'll have a narrower pool of possible colleges. Thispost will help you decide whether acreative writing major is right for you. Feature Image: Nilufer Gadgieva/Flickr Many Great Schools (with Awesome Writing Classes) Don't Have a Creative Writing Major As I mentioned above, creative writing is a relatively rare major, so if you're solely focused on schools with a dedicated creative writing degree, you might miss out on schools that could be a great fit for you. Keep in mind that a lot of school that don’t offer specific majors still have great opportunities to pursue creative writing, whether by completing a minor, contributing to the campus literary journal, or simply taking classes. Even if you know you want to study creative writing, tryresearching the opportunities available at differentschools with an open mind. You might be surprised by what you find! You're Going to Have to Read- A Lot I once had a friend who loved writingbut hated reading- especially if he had to analyze the text. If you tend toagree with him, and would rather be submerged in a vat of ants than write a paper about Virginia Woolf's use of symbolism to comment onWorld War I inThe Waves, this course of study isn't right for you. Most creative writing majors are run by the English department, and, in fact, many are special tracks within the English major. As such,they involve a lot of reading of all kinds, including fiction, plays, poetry, and literary theory. I was an English major in undergrad, and we were expected to read a roughly book a week in each class. Some were long (I had one professor assign the longest single volume novel in the English language) and some were short, but it added up to a lot of books! You’ll also have to write critical essays analyzing theseworks of literature- if you really only want to write your own fiction or poetry, consider majoring in something else and taking creative writing classes as electives. (Martin/Flickr) You Don't Need a Specific Major to Be a Writer Writing isn't like engineering: you don't need a specific degree to pursue it professionally. The only thing that you need to do to be a writer is to write. Most writing jobs, whether in publishing, journalism or teaching, don’t require or even expect you to have majoredin creative writing. For the few positions that do require a writing degree, which are almost exclusively in academia,you'll actually need a graduate degree (generally an MFA). Studying writing in school is a great way to motivate you to work on your writing andto get constructive feedback(more on this below), but it’s not the only way. A lot of great writers studied something totally unrelated to writing or didn’t go to college at all. You Can Learn A Lot From Really Focusing on Writing So far I've focused mostly on reasons you might not want or need to major in creative writing, but there's one very good reason to do so: you'll spend a lot of time writing,talking about writing, and reading your peers' writing. One of the key features of any creative writing major is the workshop- a small class where students closely read and dissect each other’s work. Workshops can be very productive, since they offer the opportunity for lots of revision and rewriting. However, they also involve a lot of criticism and can be challenging for very sensitive people. Considerhow you'll react to someone not liking your writing or suggesting ways to improve it. Many creative writing majors also require a capstone project or creative BA thesis, whichrequires you to complete a substantive piece of work that's at or near publication ready. For studentswho are genuinely committed to publishing their writing, this project is an invaluable stepping stone. Some Schools Have Special Opportunities for Creative Writing Majors At schools with particularly strong writing programs, majors may have the opportunity to attend special readings or meetings with authors that aren't open to non-majors. They may also have priority for activities like working at the literary journal or university press. These kinds of perks are completely dependent on the school, however, so make sure to research the specific programs that you're interested in. Bestselling author Emma Donoghue reads from her novel "Room" (London Public Library/Flickr) Final Thoughts Creative writing majors offer a unique opportunity to focus on the craft of writing, but they aren't right for everyone. If the following statements apply to you, a creative writing major could be a great fit: You love to read and write. You take criticism well and don't mind other people reading your work. You want to pursue writing outside of the classroom as well as in it. More RecommendedReading Convinced you want to be a creative writing major? Check out our list of the best undergrad writing programs. Creative writing majors go on to a wide range of jobs. If you're exploring different career ideas, check out our guides on how to become a lawyer and how to become a teacher. If you're looking at colleges, also check out our guide on how to pick the best school for you and our list of the best college search websites. For those of you interested in particularly selective schools, we haveaguide to getting into Ivy League schools written bya Harvard grad. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The Role of Lead Users in New Product Development Essay

The Role of Lead Users in New Product Development - Essay Example This paper discusses that given the dynamic environment within which the marketing activity is carried out, there is no gain saying the fact that product innovation occupy a very prime position in the quest to maintain relevance in the market of a modern economy. As the report stresses lead users maybe defined as a sample population of a manufacturers intended market, who get to use a new product before it is actually launched in the market and name generally available to every would be user. A very important indicator of the health of a company is its customer satisfaction index. This all important indicator can be known only after a thorough market analysis, which can be achieved when the lead users approach is adopted. The ultimate aim in the mind of manufacturers is to make sales and by extensions make profit considering that more sales is a strong indicator of a company’s performance at any given time. Lead users aid market research because it results in systematic gathering, recording and analysis of every data concerning the response of the consumers to the new product. These are the potential customer base of the company and how they react is an indicator of market tendencies and effective business plans can then be created by the manufacturers. The most likely portion of the population to patronize the products are exposed via this approach to market analysis. At a very early stage product downsides are discovered and improved upon.

How to reduce turnover and retain qualified associates at walmart Research Paper

How to reduce turnover and retain qualified associates at walmart (specifically management, in rural stores) - Research Paper Example Contributing to Wal-Mart’s high employee turnover rate are the characteristics of the jobs they offer, such as low hourly wages, inadequate benefits, constantly changing schedules, and little possibility of advancement. (Lichtenstein and Johansson, 2011) Obviously, these characteristics will not attract the most qualified or career oriented applicants (i.e. recent college graduates). According to Danny Baisden, Co-Manager of the MacArthur, West Virginia, Wal-Mart, â€Å"we will need to replace 30% of our work force in the next year, management and hourly associates. We also have a current shortage of associates. The stores hands are tied and are not able to negotiate with current applicants on salary and benefits. This makes the stores less competitive†. (Baisden, 2010) In West Virginia, more than 25 percent of the state’s 980,000 working-age adults (25-64 years old) hold at least a two-year degree, according to 2008 Census data. This compares to a national average of around 38 percent. Attainment rates in West Virginia are increasing modestly, even though the proportion of degree-holding young adults — those 25-34 years old — mirrors that of the overall adult population. (Lumina Foundation for Education, 2010) Many recent graduates are turning down good job offers, holding out for better jobs and salaries in the belief that a college degree entitles them to more than entry level," says Ogunwole. "In today's job market, that's just not realistic." (2009 College Grads Moving Home in Large Numbers, 2009) However, an entry level position with very good probability for advancement may be much more attractive to these recent graduates and other well qualified individuals. In order for Wal-Mart to attract better qualified applicants, some policy changes must be made. For example, Wal-Mart could create a system where employee wages increase with the amount of time associates are employed with the company and with an employee’s skills and experience. (Lichtenstein and Johansson, 2011) Wal-Mart could also offer their employees better benefits, such as less expensive health insurance. Another suggestion would be to provide employees with more stable schedules so that they are not constantly ch anging. Wal-Mart could also create more hourly positions which include greater responsibilities, training and higher wages for those positions. Finally, Wal-Mart can provide their employees with better opportunities for advancement within the company. (Lichtenstein and Johansson, 2011) Methodology In order to determine whether the suggested changes will reduce employee turnover rates, perhaps they can be implemented in one store or one geographical area such as the store in MacArthur, West Virginia. Once changes are in place for some time (i.e. one year), Wal-Mart will be able to see whether or not they have an effect on employee turnover rates. Study Subjects Subjects for the study may include associates currently employed at the store. College students in the area may also be subjects for the study. Data Collection Before making changes, current Wal-Mart associates could complete questionnaires regarding what they believe is important, would be most beneficial to them, and increas e the likelihood of them remaining with the company. Wal-Mart may also want to survey college students in the area in order to determine what would make employment at Wal-Mart more attractive to them. Once this data is collected and analyzed, these questionnaires can provide the company with a better of understanding of their current employees’

Expectations versus Reality in Richs Living in Sin :: Rich Living in Sin

Expectations versus Reality in Rich's Living in Sin Relationships end for a variety of reasons, the most common being that people enter relationships with certain expectations which, when unmet, start and fuel the domino effect which eventually leads to the end of the relationship. How one perceives a relationship is altered by various conditions such as age, experience, and personal background. Differentiating between what is real and what is imagined in a relationship is also tailored by these experiences in life. In her poem "Living In Sin," Adrienne Rich examines how one woman's perceptions of her physical environment, her motive for entering the relationship, and the tone of the relationship are altered when she differentiates between the relationship she expected and the relationship as it actually is. In her idealistic relationship, the speaker's physical environment is free of daily domestic responsibilities. There is no need to dust or wash the windows because, as she expects in her fantasy life, the studio will "keep itself." There are definitely no leaky or noisy faucets in need of repair. And in the dream relationship, there are no creeping insects, just a "picturesque" mouse found attractive by a cat. In actuality, however, the speaker's physical environment needs cleaning; she battles dust on the furniture and grime on the windows. A noisy, leaky faucet in the studio needs repair. She also spots an insect in the kitchen that acts as the representative from the "village" behind the moldings. Her dream world is infested, probably with roaches. The narrator's motive in the relationship was initially the romantic desire to live with the man she loves, but eventually her motive is simply to bear the routine and break the now boring nature of the actual relationship. She wanted in the beginning to escape from restrictive religious beliefs and live with her musician boyfriend in his studio. As the title suggests, the narrator believed the relationship was a sinful one. Living with her boyfriend implies a daring departure from behavior normally expected of her, either by herself, her parents, or society. Still, the light of each day reveals just how dull and routine her life has become. The stairs shake each morning at five o'clock with the arrival of the milkman; each day she has to make the bed, dust the furniture, and look out dirty windows while listening to the leaky faucet. Expectations versus Reality in Rich's Living in Sin :: Rich Living in Sin Expectations versus Reality in Rich's Living in Sin Relationships end for a variety of reasons, the most common being that people enter relationships with certain expectations which, when unmet, start and fuel the domino effect which eventually leads to the end of the relationship. How one perceives a relationship is altered by various conditions such as age, experience, and personal background. Differentiating between what is real and what is imagined in a relationship is also tailored by these experiences in life. In her poem "Living In Sin," Adrienne Rich examines how one woman's perceptions of her physical environment, her motive for entering the relationship, and the tone of the relationship are altered when she differentiates between the relationship she expected and the relationship as it actually is. In her idealistic relationship, the speaker's physical environment is free of daily domestic responsibilities. There is no need to dust or wash the windows because, as she expects in her fantasy life, the studio will "keep itself." There are definitely no leaky or noisy faucets in need of repair. And in the dream relationship, there are no creeping insects, just a "picturesque" mouse found attractive by a cat. In actuality, however, the speaker's physical environment needs cleaning; she battles dust on the furniture and grime on the windows. A noisy, leaky faucet in the studio needs repair. She also spots an insect in the kitchen that acts as the representative from the "village" behind the moldings. Her dream world is infested, probably with roaches. The narrator's motive in the relationship was initially the romantic desire to live with the man she loves, but eventually her motive is simply to bear the routine and break the now boring nature of the actual relationship. She wanted in the beginning to escape from restrictive religious beliefs and live with her musician boyfriend in his studio. As the title suggests, the narrator believed the relationship was a sinful one. Living with her boyfriend implies a daring departure from behavior normally expected of her, either by herself, her parents, or society. Still, the light of each day reveals just how dull and routine her life has become. The stairs shake each morning at five o'clock with the arrival of the milkman; each day she has to make the bed, dust the furniture, and look out dirty windows while listening to the leaky faucet.

Holiday Trip

Science Form 2 note CHAPTER 1: THE WORLD THROUGH OUR SENSES 1. 1 Sensory Organs and Their Functions Sensory Organs and Their Stimuli 1. Humans being have five main sensory organ, which are skin, nose, tongue, ears and eyes. 2. Sense detects stimuli, that is changes in surroundings (around us). 3. Five senses: i. sight ii. hearing iii. touch iv. taste v . smell 4. Senses are part of the body called sensory organs. 5. Changes or object that can detect by our senses are called stimuli. 6. The ability of the sensory organs to detect stimuli is called senses. 7.All the sensory organs are complete with sensory receptors, that is the nerve endings that can detect stimuli. Stimuli Sense Sensory organ Light(Brightness, colour) Sight Eye Sound Hearing Ear Touch, heat, cold, pain, pressure Touch Skin Sweet, sour, bitter, salty Taste Tongue Smell or odors Smell Nose The World through our senses senses Light and sight Sound and hearing Stimuli and responses in plants Touch (skin) Smell (nose) Tas te (tongue) Hearing (ear) Sight (eye) Properties of light Vision defects Optical illusions Stereoscopic and monocular Properties of sound Reflection and absorption limitations stereophonicPhototropism (light) Geotropism (gravity) Hydrotropism (water) Thigmotropism (move toward) Nastic movement (move run away) Science Form 2 note 2012 Laman web. http://freda. auyeung. net/5senses/see. htm http://freda. auyeung. net/5senses/touch. htm http://freda. auyeung. net/5senses/hear. htm http://freda. auyeung. net/5senses/taste. htm http://freda. auyeung. net/5senses/smell. htm 1. 2 The Pathway from Stimulus to Response PMR 05 Figure 1. 2 The summary of the pathway from stimulus to response 1. Our sensory organs are used to detect stimuli (Singular: stimulus).A stimulus is anything that causes a reaction in a living organism, e. g. Pain, heat, sound, chemicals. 2. When a stimulus is detected, receptor cells in the sensory organ will be triggered and generate impulses. 3. These impulses will be transmitted through the nerve and than to the brain. 4. The brain will further process and interpret the impulse signals as specific information than the organism has to respond to. 5. This information is than sent back to the sensory organ through the nerve to provide responses. Stimulus > Sensory organ > Nerves > Brain > Nerves >Response Stimulus Sensory organs NervesBrain Nerve Response Science Form 2 note 2012 EXERCISE Sense of Touch PMR 07 http://freda. auyeung. net/5senses/touch. htm Go to www. brainpop. com/health/integumentary/skin/index. weml Watch a movie on the skin. For easy access, go to www. icd. com. my 1. The sense of touch is the sense that is sensitive towards the touch stimulus provided by specific objects. 2. Organ involve in the detection of touch stimulus is the skin. 3. Structure of human skin: a) The skin divided into three layer epidermis, dermis, fat layer (subcutaneous layer @ adipose layer @ fat layer) ) Receptors are cell in our body that detected stimu li. c) Our body have different types of receptors. These are: i. pain receptor ii. touch receptor iii. heat receptor iv. cold receptor v. pressure receptor Sensory organ 1 Eye 2 Tongue 3 Ear 4 Nose 5 Skin Stimulus (a) Light (a) Chemical substance (a) Sound (a) Chemical substance (a) Cold Pressure Pain Heat Detected by sense of (b) Sight (b) Taste (b) hearing (b) smell (b) touch Science Form 2 note 2012 d) The pain receptor is in the epidermis. e) The touch, heat and cold receptors are in the dermis.The pressure receptors are in the fat layer. f) Each type of receptor can detect only one particular stimulus. g) The part or our body contain receptor are called sensory organs h) These receptor have nerves attached to them Draw figure 1. 3, page 6 4. The degree of sensitivity of the skin depends on the: a) Thickness of the epidermis †¢ The thinner the epidermis, the more sensitive the skin is to the stimulus b) Number of receptors present PMR 05 †¢ The more receptors found on the skin the more sensitive is that part of the skin. 5. The part of the body that have thin epidermis and many receptors sensitive to touch are ) lips b) fingertips c) behind the ears d) armpit e) the back of the neck 6. The part of the body that are not so sensitive to touch are the: a) elbow b) knee c) palm of the hand and sole of the foot d) buttocks/hip 7. The parts of the body usually chosen by the doctor for injection are along the upper arm and the buttocks. This is because these parts have thick epidermis and fewer receptors. 8. Braille is a code made up of small raised dots on paper. Blind people use their sense of touch to read Braille. 9. Other functions of the human skin. i. Water proof – prevent water loss from skin. ii.Prevents entry of microorganisms that cause illnesses. iii. Remove waste products – excess water, urea and mineral salts. iv. Produces Vitamin D in the presence of the sunlight. v. Stabilise body temperature Science Form 2 note 2012 â€⠀œ sweat glands produce more sweat to cool the body if body temperature rises. Quick check Fill in the blank with the suitable terms given in the box. Receptors thickness thinner sense of touch touch more number 1. The skin is an organ of __________________ 2. There are five types of __ ___ in the skin sensitive to various stimuli. . The sensitivity of the skin depends on the ___________ of the epidermis and the ____________ receptors on the skin. 4. The ____________ the epidermis, the more sensitive it is to stimulus. 5. The ________ receptors there are on the skin, the more sensitive it is to stimulus. 6. Blind people use their ____ to help them read Braille THE SENSE OF SMELL http://freda. auyeung. net/5senses/smell. htm Go to www. innerbody. com/htm/body/html. choose `nervous system’ and click on the `nose’ for detailed information. For easy access, go to www. icd. com. my mucus Sensory Cells (smell receptors) Nerve to brainNose Nasal cavity Air in > tongue Roof o f the mouth nostril Science Form 2 note 2012 1. The nose is sensory organ for smell. 2. Cells sensitive to smell (smell receptors) are found on the top of the nasal cavity. Draw figure 1. 8, page 9 3. Structure of the human nose. a. The human nose has a cavity lined with epithelium tissue. b. On the surface of the epithelium tissue are the sensory cells known as olfactory cells. c.The surface of the nasal cavity is moist because of the mucus secreted by the cells of a gland. d. The nasal cavity has a pair of external opening (nostrils) which have hair to filter dust from the air inhaled through the nose. 4. The nose detects smell in the following way. The inside of the nasal cavity produce mucus v The chemical vapor entering nose during breathing dissolves in mucus. The dissolve chemicals stimulates the smell receptor at the top of the nasal cavity. The smell receptor then produce impulse which are sent through the nerves to the brain v The brain interprets / evaluates the smell . W hen we have a cold or flu, a lot of mucus is produce. The smell receptors are surrounded by this thick layer of mucus and vary little of chemical vapor gets to the smell receptors. Therefore, the smell receptors do not get stimulated enough to effectively function as a sensory organ of smell. 6. The sensitivity of the nose towards stimuli is influenced by the following factors: PMR 05 i. The strength of the smell. A stronger smell will be detected by the nose easily compared with a weaker smell. ii. The presence of mucus in the nose. A lot of mucus will reduce the sensitivity of the nose.Science Form 2 note 2012 Quick check 1. 3 1. Where are the smells receptors found? he top of t he nasal cavity 2. Explain why when we have cold or flu , the nose cannot function effectively as a sensory organ of smell The sensitive receptor cells covered with mucus block the chemical substances from stimulating the smell receptors. THE SENSE OF TASTE http://freda. auyeung. net/5senses/taste. htm dra w figure 1. 10, page 11 1. The tongue is the sensory organ for taste. 2. The surface of the tongue has groups of cells known as taste buds which are sensitive to taste. . There are four types of taste buds on the tongue sensitive to sweet , bitter, sour and salty. PMR 03 4. The tongue detects taste in the following way: Dissolved substance > taste receptors > message >brain > type of taste 5. The sense of smell helps the sense of taste . This explains why food dose not taste appetizing when we have a cold or flu because we cannot smell effectively Figure 1. 8 Structure of the human tongue and the areas of taste on the tongue Science Form 2 note 2012 The Sense of Taste and the Sense of Smell Go to www. brainpop. om/health/senses/taste/ Watch a short movie on taste and try a quiz about taste.. For easy access, go to www. icd. com. my 1. All our sense work together:- sense of smell and taste are special partner 2. When we eat, our tongue gives us the taste and our nose smell of the foo d. THE SENSES OF HEARING http://freda. auyeung. net/5senses/hear. htm 1. The ear is the sense organ that is sensitive to sound stimuli produced by vibrating object. 2. A human ear has three main part. i. the outer ear, filled with air. ii. The middle ear, filled with air. iii. The inner ear, filled with liquid Draw figure 1. 15, page 14 3.Function of the different parts of the human ear. Salin table 1. 4, page 15 Science Form 2 note 2012 The Hearing Mechanism Lukis/Photostat figure 1. 16 m/s 15 FUNCTIONS OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE HUMAN EAR Part function OUTER EAR Pinna collects and directs sound waves into the ear canal. ear canal / auditory canal transmits sound waves to the eardrum. Eardrum vibrates and transmits sound waves to the ossicles. MIDDLE EAR Ossicles intensify the vibrations of the sound waves by 22 times before transmitting to the oval window. Eustachian tube balances the air pressure at both side of the eardrum. val window transmits sound vibrations from the middle ea r to the inner ear. INNER EAR Cochlea transforms sound vibrations into impulses. semicircular canals balance the body position. auditory nerves send messages to the brain which interprets the messages as sound. Limitations of hearing. 1. We cannot hear all the sounds around us. 2. The range of frequencies of hearing in man is 20 Hz until 20 000 Hz. The following table shows the range of frequencies of hearing of several animals: ANIMAL RANGE of FREQUENCIES snake 100-800Hz frog 50-10 000Hz dog 10-50 000Hz cat 60-60 000Hz bat 1000-120 000Hz grasshopper 100-15 000Hz hale 10-50Hz Science Form 2 note 2012 3. Different people have different limitations of hearing. 4. For example, old people generally cannot hear as well as young people. 5. Our ear drum become less sensitive to sound as we grow older. 6. To overcome the limitations of hearing, we use i. the stethoscope – enables doctor to detect the soft heartbeats of patients. ii. hearing aids – collects sound signals before being sent to the middle ear. iii. amplifier – boosts weak sound signals. Stereophonic hearing Go to : http://www. wardless. co. uk/hearing aids/twoEarsBetter. html Find out more about stereophonic hearing from this website or other websites. . For easy access, go to www. icd. com. my 1. Stereophonic hearing is hearing using both ears. 2. The advantages of stereophonic hearing: i. enables the direction of the source of hearing to be detected more accurately. ii. This is because the ear nearer the source of sound receives sound louder and earlier than the other ear. iii. Animals that have stereophonic sound can detect the presence of preys and predators more quickly. Properties of sound (see page 16 science volume 1) 1. The transfer of sound requires a medium. 2. ound can transferred through; b. solids c. liquids d. gases e. cannot be transferred through in vacuum. 3. Sound can be transferred fastest in solids and slowest in gases. 4. This is because the particles in solids a nd liquids are closer each other compared to the molecules in gases. 5. Vacuum is space that does not have any particles. Science Form 2 note 2012 6. Speed of sound transferred in various media. MEDIUM SPEED of SOUND (m/s) Air 340 Water 1500 Wood 3600 Iron 5000 Steel 6000 Reflection and absorption of sound 1. Sound can be reflected or absorbed by the surface of an object. . The sound reflected repeatedly from one surface is known as echo. 3. Surfaces that are smooth, even and hard are good sound reflectors and produce loud echo. For examples, concrete, plank, metal and mirror 4. Surfaces that are rough, hollow and soft are good sound absorbers and produce weak echo. For examples cloth, sponge, cork, rubber, carpet and cushion. SENSE OF SIGHT http://freda. auyeung. net/5senses/see. htm 1. The sense of sight is the sense that can detect light stimulus. 2. Structure of the human eye: PMR 04 i. the sclera (outermost) ii. the choroids (middle) and iii. the retina (innermost) ukis rajah m /s 22 3. The function of each part of the eye. Pelajar diminta mencari maklumat ini (isi maklumat seperti jadual dibawah) Science Form 2 note 2012 part Structure / characteristic function sclera cornea choroids conjunctiva iris pupil Lens PMR 04 Transparent and elastic convex lens Refracts and focuses light onto the retina. ciliary muscle supportive ligament vitreous humour aqueous humour retina optic nerve Mechanism of Sight PMR 03, 07 1. The lens in the human eye is a transparent convex lens. 2. An inverted image is focused on the retina. 3.Light rays are refracted by the eye lens. The eye lens focuses the image onto the retina by changing the thickness of the eye lens. The thickness of the lens is changed by the ciliary muscles. i. Focusing near objects To focus near objects onto the retina, the ciliary muscles contract. The eye lens become thicker. ii. focusing distant object. To focus distant objects onto the retina, the ciliary muscles relax. The eye lens becomes thinner. draw figure `How do we see’ m/s 23 Light and sight 1. Light is a form of energy. 2.. light travels at a speed of ; i. 300,000,000 meter/second (m/s) in the air. ii. 25,000,000 m/s in water iii. 200,000,000 m/s in glass 3. Light travels in a straight lines. Science Form 2 note 2012 Reflection of light. http://www. phys. ufl. edu/- delamater/optics_pictures. pdf#search=`what%20is%20incident%20and%20ref lected%20ray’ 1. Light can be reflected. (that’s mean change direction) 2. When the reflected light rays enter our eyes, we can see the object. 3. The image in a plane mirror is, i. virtual (cannot be formed on a screen) ii. upright iii. laterally inverted iv. the same size as the object v. the same distance behind the mirror as the object is in mirror.Refraction of light. PMR 03, 05 1. Refraction of light is the bending of light. This happens when light travels from one transparent medium to another which is of a different density. 2. The speed of light decrease when l ight enters a denser medium. 3. Light travels through media like air, water and glass. draw figure 1. 27 page 24 Experiment page 25. LAPORAN PEKA 1 Various defect of vision. PMR 03, 06, 07 http://www. chemsoc. org/exemplarchem/entries/2002/upton/defects_of_the _eye. htm 1. Two common vision defects are long-sightedness (hypermetropia) and short-sightedness (myopia).Science Form 2 note 2012 2. Comparison between long-sightedness and short-sightedness. `Comparison between long-sightedness and short-sightedness’ Short-sightedness Differences Long-sightedness 1. Symptoms of defect. 1. 2. Causes of defect 1. Position of image of object Lihat power point Diagram Science Form 2 note 2012 Correction method 3. Astigmatism is another vision defect. i. Its caused by the cornea and the eye lens that are not evenly curved. ii. As a result, the image formed on the retina is distorted and not clear (hazy/blurred). ii. This defect can be overcome by wearing glasses with cylindrical lenses or contact lens or by surgery. 4. Optical illusion. http://www. michaelbach. de/ot/ http://www. indianchild. com/3d%20mainpage. htm i. Optical illusion occurs when the brain cannot interpret impulses received properly. ii. Examples of optical illusion. draw figure 1. 41 page 30 5. Blind spot i. The blind spot is a spot on the retina of the eye that cannot detect light stimulus. ii. The image of the object formed at the blind spot cannot be seen by the eye because there are no light-sensitive cells (photoreceptors) at the blind spot.Experiment seperti ms 29 Monocular and stereoscopic vision. http://nzphoto. tripod. com/sterea/3dvision. htm Science Form 2 note 2012 1. The stereoscopic vision is vision using both eyes. 2. The overlapping area of the vision of both the left and right eyes is called stereoscopic field 3. Advantages of stereoscopic vision. a. See three-dimensional pictures of objects. b. Enables more accurate estimation of distance and position. c. Animal predators normally have stereoscopis vision so better estimate the distance when getting to pounce on their prey. draw figure 1. 3 page 31 4. Monocular vision is a vision using only one eye. 5. The advantage of monocular vision is having a wide vision field. 6. Its disadvantage is that it cannot estimate distance accurately. 7. Animal preys use monocular vision to detect predators coming from all direction. draw figure 1. 42 page 30 Appropriate devices to overcome the limitations of sight Go to www. google. com. Type LASIK or PRK . you can get more information about the latest technologies to correct the different types of defects of vision. 1. Optical devices are invented to increase the ability to see minute or very distant objects.INSTRUMENT FUNCTION Microscope To see minute objects such as microorganisms and bacteria. Telescope to see far-off objects such as stars and planets. Binocular to see tiny distant objects such as birds in the sky. Magnifying to magnify tiny objects to become glass larger than original. Science Form 2 note 2012 STIMULI AND RESPONSE IN PLANTS. Go to www. emc. maricopa. edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/Biobook TOC. html Click on `24 plant hormones and nutrition’ then `plants respond to external stimuli’.. For easy access, go to www. icd. com. my . Movements of any plant parts towards stimuli are known as tropic movement or tropism. 2. Type of tropism: a. Growth of plant part towards an external stimulus is known as positive tropism. b. Growth away from an external stimulus is known as negative tropism. 3. Tropism responses in plants include: a. Phototropism PMR 03, 08 b. Geotropism PMR 06 c. Hydrotropism PMR 03, 08 d. Thigmotropism – move towards – to obtain support e. Nastic movement – move run away – Salin nota sendiri dari buku teks m/s 33, 34, 35 masukkan gambar rajah sekali †¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. tammat†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

Art Is A Waste Of Time - 1533 Words

Art is a waste of time. The tragedy of that statement has been circulated for years on end ever since the renaissance era fled from this world. What people fail to realize is that art is just like math. You may not think it is necessary but we still unconsciously use it in our everyday lives. The growing epidemic here is that the school systems have depleted the need to learn about creativity and self expression, mostly due to money and budget cuts. For the schools who do have art classes available to them, people view the class as unnecessary, and a class where people enroll in if they can’t pick an elective or a major. They undermine the artistic world but what society doesn’t realize is that art is all around them. Art isn’t just putting a pen to a piece of paper. Art is love, expression, and creativity for the passionate mind. It’s also a way to make your thoughts into things, to bring the non-existent into reality, and to leave a mark of something no one else can ever reproduce because the artist has made it into their own unique vision. As simple and irrelevant as art may sound to the common ear, it’s not a subject to be taken lightly. Art should be a bigger part in today’s school systems. Not does art help the mind develop the brain for more critical learning subjects like reading, writing, and literacy, a way to learn about different culture, but art is also a way to channel emotions and use it as a form of coping. For â€Å"Students who don’t have access to art classesShow MoreRelatedIs Art A Waste Of Time?1557 Words   |  7 PagesRobert Southan is a screenplay writer who recounts his encounters with some Effective Altruists in his essay â€Å"Is Art a Waste of Time?† He says that Effective Altruists generally do not consider art to be a worthy profession for they perceive it to be an occupation that has little potential to do good for others. However, they do not take into account the enormous emotional support that art has had for countless people. Music, in particular, is part of nearly all cultures and is instrumental in creatingRead MoreThe Storage Facility Is Changing The Memory Of Nuclear Power949 Words   |  4 PagesNetherlands, the Habog is a treatment and storage center for highly radioactive waste. Construction on the building began in 2000. It is operated by Covra, the Central Organization for Radioactive Waste. 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Farrell Gallery inside the Museum of ContemporaryRead MoreVladeks Quirks and Habits1594 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Valerie Alvarado Instructor: Darci Cather English 1302-SP2 5-12-14 Vladek’s Reaction to the Holocaust The Holocaust was a traumatizing and depressing time period in history due to the Nazis in the leadership of their dictator Adolf Hitler. The Nazis were a Political Party during World War ΙΙ from 1941 through 1945. Many Jews during this time were discriminated, murdered, and humiliated in front of many other Jews and Germans. â€Å"Six million Jews died in a merciless way at the hands of the Nazis†Read MoreAnalysis of The Waste Land by T. S. Eliot1571 Words   |  7 Pagesbe a unified and rational Cartesian subject, then T.S. Eliot’s â€Å"heap of broken images† eagerly embraces its fragmented and alienated (post)modern counterpart. The message this phrase bears, resonates throughout the entire poem: from its title, â€Å"The Waste Land†, to its final mantra â€Å"Shantih shantih shantih†. All words, phrases and sentences (or just simply images) which make up this poem seem to, in Levi-Strauss’ words, â€Å"be a valeur symboli que zero [and the signifier] can take on any value requiredRead MoreBob Johnson, A Philosopher And Artist1260 Words   |  6 Pagessculptures innovatively harvest waste, especially those in the river streams, and transform the resulting heap into vivid discussions to what we humans produce in waste and leave behind. Bob Johnson, a Pittsburgh native, started the ATM movement in June of 2003. With a BA, MA in liberal studies and philosophy from Binghamton University. He later pursued a PhD in philosophy from Duquesne University. An a established philosopher by disposition and training, fine art fabricator by profession, and do-goodingRead MoreEssay on The Importance of Recycling891 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen filled by a lot of waste. There is a lot of garbage, plastic waste, and electronic waste. We always produce it and dump it when we need the new one. Our waste are piling up and continuously accumulating. Plastic waste is one of the biggest problems for us now. And our solution in this problem is recycling. In my opinion, recycling is a way to manage used items into new products. We can reduce, reuse, and recycling (3R) waste management (Peter, 2013). We can reduce our waste clothes with reuse itRead More Liberal Education: Why is it important in todays workforce?1607 Words   |  7 PagesWhy do college students need courses in the liberal arts? Is it beneficial or just a waste of time? Will it make them or influence them to become better workers once they graduate or will it just go down the drain and be useless? Student loans are increasing every year, and each student just wants to finish their degrees at a lesser price and a quicker pace, so they can start working and pay for those debts. In today’s society where some to most students are very much career – driven, they decideRead MoreStudy Abroad : A Waste Of Time1500 Words   |  6 PagesStudy Abroad, a waste of time. I think not! Is Study Abroad a waste of time or an exciting experience? I say that it s a great thing and for the right people it’s not a waste. Williamson in â€Å"Study Abroad: Revenue Drain or Stream† for the Chronicle states, â€Å" many higher-education institutions and others have found ways to generate revenue from study-abroad ventures. The World Bank estimates that $300-billion is spent each year on global higher education†¦Ã¢â‚¬ What Williamson really means is that sinceRead MoreDo Schools Really Care About Their Students? Do Schools1456 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"them†. Then there is the fine arts possibly a page here or there in the yearbook that one may have seen. In high school, it is all about finding the groups that benefit one the most. Little do schools know that their beloved sports teams do no provide that. Even though some schools do not care for the fine arts, every school should make the fine arts a requirement in school. On the other hand schools should keep, defunding fine art programs because they are a waste of money. An article called â€Å"Ten